Formulas for Syllogism

Formulas for Syllogism and Definition

Syllogism is one of the most frequently asked questions in the competitive exams. Formulas for Syllogism is given here on this page. Such type of questions contains two or more statements which may or may not have any connection with reality. Two or more conclusions follow these statements.   
Formulas for Syllogism

Syllogism Formulas To Solve Problems:

  • Some + All= Some
  • Some + Some= No Conclusion
  • Some + No= Some Not
  • No + No= No Conclusion
  • No +All = Some Not Reversed
  • No + Some = Some Not ( Reversed )
  • Some Not/ Some Not Reversed + Anything= No Conclusion
  • No + All = Some not Reversed
  • All + Some = No Conclusion
  • All + All= All
  • All + No= No

Formulas for Syllogism and Concept:

Note: For understanding the syllogism formulas it is important to understand below 4 points. Before stating further.

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Universal Positive Statement:

Universal positive statement indicates something positive applicable to all the items in that category. This is represented by the letter ‘A’. These statement begin with All, Every and Even.

Universal Negative Statement:

It implies that it refers to that kind of statements, which are universal and giving a negative impression. These types of statements begin with No, None of the, Not a single etc. and are represented by the letter ‘E’

Particular Positive Statement:

These type of statements begins with some, any, a few and are represented by the letter ‘I’.

Particular Negative Statement:

These kinds of statements are represented by the letter ‘O’. Some examples of this are:

  • Some girls are not crazy
  • Some files are not pencils
  • Some M is not N
  • Some Rohits are not Dhawans.
  • Few vegetables are not green.

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Since there is no specific formula for solving such type of questions, but it is suggested to take the help of Venn Diagrams.

All we have to do is, read the given statements and accordingly draw the Diagram step by step, on the basis of the given statements, and eventually derive a logical solution by these diagrams.

Question 1.

Statement:
To give an elite education to their children, parents today are ready to pay any amount.

Conclusion:
I.  All parents are very rich these days
II. Parents are obsessed for perfect development of their children.

A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D.Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follows

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

The statement points that people are motivated towards providing their children an elite education. All parents are rich or not, it is not mentioned in the statement. Hence, only conclusion II follows and I does not.

Question 2.

Statement:

The average number of persons educated per family is 2 in urban areas whereas it is 1 in rural areas.

Conclusions:

I. The literacy rate in the rural areas is lower than in the urban areas.
II. Fewer people are educated in the rural areas as compared to those in urban areas.

 Correct Answer: E
Explanation:

Clearly both the statements can be induced from the statement. Hence both I and II follows

Question 3.

Statement:
All the harmoniums are instruments.
All the instruments are flutes.

Conclusion:
All the flutes are instruments.
All the harmoniums are flutes.

A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D.Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follows

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

The statement points that all harmoniums are instruments , and all instruments are flutes but the reverse is not true hence only conclusion 2 is correct

Question 4.

Statement:
Some messages are whatsapp.
All Hikes are whatsapp.
All whatsapp are facebook.

Conclusion:
1. Some facebook are messages
2. All hikes are facebook
3. Some messages are hikes
4. Some message are facebook

A. Only 1 and 2 follows
B. Only either 3 and 4 follows
C. Only 1 and either 3 or 4 follows
D. Only 1 2 and 4 follows
E. None of these

Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

Clearly the statement makes it obvious that there is no relation between messages and hike hence statement 3 is incorrect.

Question 5.

Statement:
Some cups are pots
All pots are tubes

Conclusion:
Some pots are cups
Some tubes are cups

A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follows

Correct Answer: E

Explanation:

The statement points that some cups are pots hence some pots are also cups and all pots are tubes therefore, some tubes can be cup also , so both the statement are true

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